// Copyright 2018 The gVisor Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package tcp contains the implementation of the TCP transport protocol.
package tcp

import (
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header/parse"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/internal/tcp"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/seqnum"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/raw"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
)

const (
	// ProtocolNumber is the tcp protocol number.
	ProtocolNumber = header.TCPProtocolNumber

	// MinBufferSize is the smallest size of a receive or send buffer.
	MinBufferSize = 4 << 10 // 4096 bytes.

	// DefaultSendBufferSize is the default size of the send buffer for
	// an endpoint.
	DefaultSendBufferSize = 1 << 20 // 1MB

	// DefaultReceiveBufferSize is the default size of the receive buffer
	// for an endpoint.
	DefaultReceiveBufferSize = 1 << 20 // 1MB

	// MaxBufferSize is the largest size a receive/send buffer can grow to.
	MaxBufferSize = 4 << 20 // 4MB

	// DefaultTCPLingerTimeout is the amount of time that sockets linger in
	// FIN_WAIT_2 state before being marked closed.
	DefaultTCPLingerTimeout = 60 * time.Second

	// MaxTCPLingerTimeout is the maximum amount of time that sockets
	// linger in FIN_WAIT_2 state before being marked closed.
	MaxTCPLingerTimeout = 120 * time.Second

	// DefaultTCPTimeWaitTimeout is the amount of time that sockets linger
	// in TIME_WAIT state before being marked closed.
	DefaultTCPTimeWaitTimeout = 60 * time.Second

	// DefaultSynRetries is the default value for the number of SYN retransmits
	// before a connect is aborted.
	DefaultSynRetries = 6

	// DefaultKeepaliveIdle is the idle time for a connection before keep-alive
	// probes are sent.
	DefaultKeepaliveIdle = 2 * time.Hour

	// DefaultKeepaliveInterval is the time between two successive keep-alive
	// probes.
	DefaultKeepaliveInterval = 75 * time.Second

	// DefaultKeepaliveCount is the number of keep-alive probes that are sent
	// before declaring the connection dead.
	DefaultKeepaliveCount = 9
)

const (
	ccReno  = "reno"
	ccCubic = "cubic"
)

// +stateify savable
type protocol struct {
	stack *stack.Stack

	mu                         sync.RWMutex `state:"nosave"`
	sackEnabled                bool
	recovery                   tcpip.TCPRecovery
	delayEnabled               bool
	alwaysUseSynCookies        bool
	sendBufferSize             tcpip.TCPSendBufferSizeRangeOption
	recvBufferSize             tcpip.TCPReceiveBufferSizeRangeOption
	congestionControl          string
	availableCongestionControl []string
	moderateReceiveBuffer      bool
	lingerTimeout              time.Duration
	timeWaitTimeout            time.Duration
	timeWaitReuse              tcpip.TCPTimeWaitReuseOption
	minRTO                     time.Duration
	maxRTO                     time.Duration
	maxRetries                 uint32
	synRetries                 uint8
	dispatcher                 dispatcher

	// probe, if not nil, will be invoked any time an endpoint receives a
	// TCP segment.
	//
	// This is immutable after creation.
	probe TCPProbeFunc `state:"nosave"`

	// The following secrets are initialized once and stay unchanged after.
	seqnumSecret   [16]byte
	tsOffsetSecret [16]byte
}

// Number returns the tcp protocol number.
func (*protocol) Number() tcpip.TransportProtocolNumber {
	return ProtocolNumber
}

// NewEndpoint creates a new tcp endpoint.
func (p *protocol) NewEndpoint(netProto tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, waiterQueue *waiter.Queue) (tcpip.Endpoint, tcpip.Error) {
	return newEndpoint(p.stack, p, netProto, waiterQueue), nil
}

// NewRawEndpoint creates a new raw TCP endpoint. Raw TCP sockets are currently
// unsupported. It implements stack.TransportProtocol.NewRawEndpoint.
func (p *protocol) NewRawEndpoint(netProto tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber, waiterQueue *waiter.Queue) (tcpip.Endpoint, tcpip.Error) {
	return raw.NewEndpoint(p.stack, netProto, header.TCPProtocolNumber, waiterQueue)
}

// MinimumPacketSize returns the minimum valid tcp packet size.
func (*protocol) MinimumPacketSize() int {
	return header.TCPMinimumSize
}

// ParsePorts returns the source and destination ports stored in the given tcp
// packet.
func (*protocol) ParsePorts(v []byte) (src, dst uint16, err tcpip.Error) {
	h := header.TCP(v)
	return h.SourcePort(), h.DestinationPort(), nil
}

// QueuePacket queues packets targeted at an endpoint after hashing the packet
// to a specific processing queue. Each queue is serviced by its own processor
// goroutine which is responsible for dequeuing and doing full TCP dispatch of
// the packet.
func (p *protocol) QueuePacket(ep stack.TransportEndpoint, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) {
	p.dispatcher.queuePacket(ep, id, p.stack.Clock(), pkt)
}

// HandleUnknownDestinationPacket handles packets targeted at this protocol but
// that don't match any existing endpoint.
//
// RFC 793, page 36, states that "If the connection does not exist (CLOSED) then
// a reset is sent in response to any incoming segment except another reset. In
// particular, SYNs addressed to a non-existent connection are rejected by this
// means."
func (p *protocol) HandleUnknownDestinationPacket(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) stack.UnknownDestinationPacketDisposition {
	s, err := newIncomingSegment(id, p.stack.Clock(), pkt)
	if err != nil {
		return stack.UnknownDestinationPacketMalformed
	}
	defer s.DecRef()
	if !s.csumValid {
		return stack.UnknownDestinationPacketMalformed
	}

	if !s.flags.Contains(header.TCPFlagRst) {
		replyWithReset(p.stack, s, stack.DefaultTOS, tcpip.UseDefaultIPv4TTL, tcpip.UseDefaultIPv6HopLimit)
	}

	return stack.UnknownDestinationPacketHandled
}

func (p *protocol) tsOffset(src, dst tcpip.Address) tcp.TSOffset {
	// Initialize a random tsOffset that will be added to the recentTS
	// everytime the timestamp is sent when the Timestamp option is enabled.
	//
	// See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7323#section-5.4 for details on
	// why this is required.
	h := sha256.New()

	// Per hash.Hash.Writer:
	//
	// It never returns an error.
	_, _ = h.Write(p.tsOffsetSecret[:])
	_, _ = h.Write(src.AsSlice())
	_, _ = h.Write(dst.AsSlice())
	return tcp.NewTSOffset(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(h.Sum(nil)[:4]))
}

// replyWithReset replies to the given segment with a reset segment.
//
// If the relevant TTL has its reset value (0 for ipv4TTL, -1 for ipv6HopLimit),
// then the route's default TTL will be used.
func replyWithReset(st *stack.Stack, s *segment, tos, ipv4TTL uint8, ipv6HopLimit int16) tcpip.Error {
	net := s.pkt.Network()
	route, err := st.FindRoute(s.pkt.NICID, net.DestinationAddress(), net.SourceAddress(), s.pkt.NetworkProtocolNumber, false /* multicastLoop */)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer route.Release()

	ttl := calculateTTL(route, ipv4TTL, ipv6HopLimit)

	// Get the seqnum from the packet if the ack flag is set.
	seq := seqnum.Value(0)
	ack := seqnum.Value(0)
	flags := header.TCPFlagRst
	// As per RFC 793 page 35 (Reset Generation)
	//   1.  If the connection does not exist (CLOSED) then a reset is sent
	//   in response to any incoming segment except another reset.  In
	//   particular, SYNs addressed to a non-existent connection are rejected
	//   by this means.

	//   If the incoming segment has an ACK field, the reset takes its
	//   sequence number from the ACK field of the segment, otherwise the
	//   reset has sequence number zero and the ACK field is set to the sum
	//   of the sequence number and segment length of the incoming segment.
	//   The connection remains in the CLOSED state.
	if s.flags.Contains(header.TCPFlagAck) {
		seq = s.ackNumber
	} else {
		flags |= header.TCPFlagAck
		ack = s.sequenceNumber.Add(s.logicalLen())
	}

	var expOptVal uint16
	if s.ep != nil {
		expOptVal = s.ep.getExperimentOptionValue(route)
	}
	hdrSize := header.TCPMinimumSize + int(route.MaxHeaderLength())
	if route.NetProto() == header.IPv6ProtocolNumber && expOptVal != 0 {
		hdrSize += header.IPv6ExperimentHdrLength
	}
	p := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{ReserveHeaderBytes: hdrSize})
	defer p.DecRef()

	return sendTCP(route, tcpFields{
		id:        s.id,
		ttl:       ttl,
		tos:       tos,
		flags:     flags,
		seq:       seq,
		ack:       ack,
		rcvWnd:    0,
		expOptVal: expOptVal,
	}, p, stack.GSO{}, nil /* PacketOwner */)
}

// SetOption implements stack.TransportProtocol.SetOption.
func (p *protocol) SetOption(option tcpip.SettableTransportProtocolOption) tcpip.Error {
	switch v := option.(type) {
	case *tcpip.TCPSACKEnabled:
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.sackEnabled = bool(*v)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPRecovery:
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.recovery = *v
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPDelayEnabled:
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.delayEnabled = bool(*v)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPSendBufferSizeRangeOption:
		if v.Min <= 0 || v.Default < v.Min || v.Default > v.Max {
			return &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.sendBufferSize = *v
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPReceiveBufferSizeRangeOption:
		if v.Min <= 0 || v.Default < v.Min || v.Default > v.Max {
			return &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.recvBufferSize = *v
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.CongestionControlOption:
		for _, c := range p.availableCongestionControl {
			if string(*v) == c {
				p.mu.Lock()
				p.congestionControl = string(*v)
				p.mu.Unlock()
				return nil
			}
		}
		// linux returns ENOENT when an invalid congestion control
		// is specified.
		return &tcpip.ErrNoSuchFile{}

	case *tcpip.TCPModerateReceiveBufferOption:
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.moderateReceiveBuffer = bool(*v)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPLingerTimeoutOption:
		p.mu.Lock()
		if *v < 0 {
			p.lingerTimeout = 0
		} else {
			p.lingerTimeout = time.Duration(*v)
		}
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPTimeWaitTimeoutOption:
		p.mu.Lock()
		if *v < 0 {
			p.timeWaitTimeout = 0
		} else {
			p.timeWaitTimeout = time.Duration(*v)
		}
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPTimeWaitReuseOption:
		if *v < tcpip.TCPTimeWaitReuseDisabled || *v > tcpip.TCPTimeWaitReuseLoopbackOnly {
			return &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.timeWaitReuse = *v
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPMinRTOOption:
		p.mu.Lock()
		defer p.mu.Unlock()
		if *v < 0 {
			p.minRTO = MinRTO
		} else if minRTO := time.Duration(*v); minRTO <= p.maxRTO {
			p.minRTO = minRTO
		} else {
			return &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPMaxRTOOption:
		p.mu.Lock()
		defer p.mu.Unlock()
		if *v < 0 {
			p.maxRTO = MaxRTO
		} else if maxRTO := time.Duration(*v); maxRTO >= p.minRTO {
			p.maxRTO = maxRTO
		} else {
			return &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPMaxRetriesOption:
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.maxRetries = uint32(*v)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPAlwaysUseSynCookies:
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.alwaysUseSynCookies = bool(*v)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPSynRetriesOption:
		if *v < 1 {
			return &tcpip.ErrInvalidOptionValue{}
		}
		p.mu.Lock()
		p.synRetries = uint8(*v)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return nil

	default:
		return &tcpip.ErrUnknownProtocolOption{}
	}
}

// Option implements stack.TransportProtocol.Option.
func (p *protocol) Option(option tcpip.GettableTransportProtocolOption) tcpip.Error {
	switch v := option.(type) {
	case *tcpip.TCPSACKEnabled:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPSACKEnabled(p.sackEnabled)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPRecovery:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = p.recovery
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPDelayEnabled:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPDelayEnabled(p.delayEnabled)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPSendBufferSizeRangeOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = p.sendBufferSize
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPReceiveBufferSizeRangeOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = p.recvBufferSize
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.CongestionControlOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.CongestionControlOption(p.congestionControl)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPAvailableCongestionControlOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPAvailableCongestionControlOption(strings.Join(p.availableCongestionControl, " "))
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPModerateReceiveBufferOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPModerateReceiveBufferOption(p.moderateReceiveBuffer)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPLingerTimeoutOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPLingerTimeoutOption(p.lingerTimeout)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPTimeWaitTimeoutOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPTimeWaitTimeoutOption(p.timeWaitTimeout)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPTimeWaitReuseOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = p.timeWaitReuse
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPMinRTOOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPMinRTOOption(p.minRTO)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPMaxRTOOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPMaxRTOOption(p.maxRTO)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPMaxRetriesOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPMaxRetriesOption(p.maxRetries)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPAlwaysUseSynCookies:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPAlwaysUseSynCookies(p.alwaysUseSynCookies)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	case *tcpip.TCPSynRetriesOption:
		p.mu.RLock()
		*v = tcpip.TCPSynRetriesOption(p.synRetries)
		p.mu.RUnlock()
		return nil

	default:
		return &tcpip.ErrUnknownProtocolOption{}
	}
}

// SendBufferSize implements stack.SendBufSizeProto.
func (p *protocol) SendBufferSize() tcpip.TCPSendBufferSizeRangeOption {
	p.mu.RLock()
	defer p.mu.RUnlock()
	return p.sendBufferSize
}

// Close implements stack.TransportProtocol.Close.
func (p *protocol) Close() {
	p.dispatcher.close()
}

// Wait implements stack.TransportProtocol.Wait.
func (p *protocol) Wait() {
	p.dispatcher.wait()
}

// Pause implements stack.TransportProtocol.Pause.
func (p *protocol) Pause() {
	p.dispatcher.pause()
}

// Resume implements stack.TransportProtocol.Resume.
func (p *protocol) Resume() {
	p.dispatcher.resume()
}

// Restore implements stack.TransportProtocol.Restore.
func (p *protocol) Restore() {
	p.dispatcher.start()
}

// Parse implements stack.TransportProtocol.Parse.
func (*protocol) Parse(pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) bool {
	return parse.TCP(pkt)
}

// NewProtocol returns a TCP transport protocol with Reno congestion control.
func NewProtocol(s *stack.Stack) stack.TransportProtocol {
	return newProtocol(s, ccReno, nil)
}

// NewProtocolProbe returns a TCP transport protocol with Reno congestion
// control and the given probe.
//
// The probe will be invoked on every segment received by TCP endpoints. The
// probe function is passed a copy of the TCP endpoint state before and after
// processing of the segment.
func NewProtocolProbe(probe TCPProbeFunc) func(*stack.Stack) stack.TransportProtocol {
	return func(s *stack.Stack) stack.TransportProtocol {
		return newProtocol(s, ccReno, probe)
	}
}

// NewProtocolCUBIC returns a TCP transport protocol with CUBIC congestion
// control.
//
// TODO(b/345835636): Remove this and make CUBIC the default across the board.
func NewProtocolCUBIC(s *stack.Stack) stack.TransportProtocol {
	return newProtocol(s, ccCubic, nil)
}

func newProtocol(s *stack.Stack, cc string, probe TCPProbeFunc) stack.TransportProtocol {
	rng := s.SecureRNG()
	var seqnumSecret [16]byte
	var tsOffsetSecret [16]byte
	if n, err := rng.Reader.Read(seqnumSecret[:]); err != nil || n != len(seqnumSecret) {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Read() failed: %v", err))
	}
	if n, err := rng.Reader.Read(tsOffsetSecret[:]); err != nil || n != len(tsOffsetSecret) {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Read() failed: %v", err))
	}
	p := protocol{
		stack: s,
		sendBufferSize: tcpip.TCPSendBufferSizeRangeOption{
			Min:     MinBufferSize,
			Default: DefaultSendBufferSize,
			Max:     MaxBufferSize,
		},
		recvBufferSize: tcpip.TCPReceiveBufferSizeRangeOption{
			Min:     MinBufferSize,
			Default: DefaultReceiveBufferSize,
			Max:     MaxBufferSize,
		},
		sackEnabled:                true,
		congestionControl:          cc,
		availableCongestionControl: []string{ccReno, ccCubic},
		moderateReceiveBuffer:      true,
		lingerTimeout:              DefaultTCPLingerTimeout,
		timeWaitTimeout:            DefaultTCPTimeWaitTimeout,
		timeWaitReuse:              tcpip.TCPTimeWaitReuseLoopbackOnly,
		synRetries:                 DefaultSynRetries,
		minRTO:                     MinRTO,
		maxRTO:                     MaxRTO,
		maxRetries:                 MaxRetries,
		recovery:                   tcpip.TCPRACKLossDetection,
		seqnumSecret:               seqnumSecret,
		tsOffsetSecret:             tsOffsetSecret,
		probe:                      probe,
	}
	p.dispatcher.init(s.InsecureRNG(), runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
	return &p
}

// protocolFromStack retrieves the tcp.protocol instance from stack s.
func protocolFromStack(s *stack.Stack) *protocol {
	return s.TransportProtocolInstance(ProtocolNumber).(*protocol)
}
