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// Copyright (c) Tailscale Inc & contributors
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
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//go:build !js && !wasm
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package tsweb
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import (
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"bufio"
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"encoding/json"
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"fmt"
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"html"
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"io"
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"math"
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"net/http"
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"net/url"
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"runtime/metrics"
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"slices"
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"strconv"
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"strings"
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"sync"
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)
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// runtimeMetricsDescs returns the descriptions of all supported Go
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// runtime/metrics, sorted by name.
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var runtimeMetricsDescs = sync.OnceValue(func() []metrics.Description {
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descs := metrics.All()
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slices.SortFunc(descs, func(a, b metrics.Description) int {
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return strings.Compare(a.Name, b.Name)
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})
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return descs
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})
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// runtimeMetricsSlug is the path under /debug/ where
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// runtimeMetricsHandler is registered, both as an exact path and as a
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// subtree (with a trailing slash).
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const runtimeMetricsSlug = "runtime-metrics"
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// runtimeMetricsPath is the full path of the runtime/metrics debug page.
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const runtimeMetricsPath = "/debug/" + runtimeMetricsSlug
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func init() {
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hookRuntimeMetrics.Set(addRuntimeMetricsHandlers)
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}
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// addRuntimeMetricsHandlers registers runtimeMetricsHandler on d, both
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// at its base path and as a subtree for the per-metric path form.
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func addRuntimeMetricsHandlers(d *DebugHandler) {
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d.Handle(runtimeMetricsSlug, "Metrics (Go runtime/metrics)", http.HandlerFunc(runtimeMetricsHandler))
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d.HandleSilent(runtimeMetricsSlug+"/", http.HandlerFunc(runtimeMetricsHandler))
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}
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// runtimeMetricsHandler serves Go runtime/metrics.
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//
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// At its base path without a "name" query parameter it serves an index
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// of all supported metric names and their descriptions, without reading
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// any values. The index is HTML for browsers (requests whose Accept
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// header includes text/html) and plain text otherwise; the "format"
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// query parameter ("html" or "text") overrides that choice.
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//
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// With one or more "name" query parameters it reads the named metrics
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// and returns them as a JSON object keyed by metric name. A name
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// ending in "*" matches all metrics with that prefix, so "name=*"
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// returns everything and "name=/gc/*" returns the GC metrics.
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//
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// A metric name may also be appended to the base path, as in
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// /debug/runtime-metrics/gc/heap/allocs:bytes, in which case the
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// response is that metric's bare JSON value without the object wrapper.
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//
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// Histograms are objects with "counts" and "buckets" arrays; infinite
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// bucket boundaries are encoded as the strings "-Inf" and "+Inf".
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func runtimeMetricsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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if rest, ok := strings.CutPrefix(r.URL.Path, runtimeMetricsPath+"/"); ok {
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serveRuntimeMetricValue(w, "/"+rest)
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return
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}
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if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
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http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
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return
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}
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if names := r.Form["name"]; len(names) > 0 {
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serveRuntimeMetricsJSON(w, names)
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return
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}
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format := r.FormValue("format")
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if format == "" {
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if strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("Accept"), "text/html") {
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format = "html"
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} else {
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format = "text"
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}
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}
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switch format {
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case "html":
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w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
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case "text":
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w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
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default:
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http.Error(w, "unknown format; want html or text", http.StatusBadRequest)
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return
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}
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bw := bufio.NewWriter(w)
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defer bw.Flush()
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if format == "html" {
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writeRuntimeMetricsIndexHTML(bw)
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} else {
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writeRuntimeMetricsIndexText(bw)
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}
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}
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// serveRuntimeMetricsJSON reads the metrics matching names (exact
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// names, or prefixes ending in "*") and writes them as a JSON object.
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func serveRuntimeMetricsJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, names []string) {
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descs := runtimeMetricsDescs()
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var samples []metrics.Sample
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seen := map[string]bool{}
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add := func(name string) {
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if !seen[name] {
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seen[name] = true
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samples = append(samples, metrics.Sample{Name: name})
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}
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}
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for _, name := range names {
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if prefix, ok := strings.CutSuffix(name, "*"); ok {
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for _, d := range descs {
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if strings.HasPrefix(d.Name, prefix) {
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add(d.Name)
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}
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}
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continue
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}
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if !runtimeMetricExists(name) {
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http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("unknown runtime metric %q", name), http.StatusNotFound)
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return
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}
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add(name)
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}
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metrics.Read(samples)
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obj := make(map[string]any, len(samples))
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for _, s := range samples {
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obj[s.Name] = runtimeMetricValueJSON(s.Value)
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}
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writeJSON(w, obj)
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}
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// serveRuntimeMetricValue reads the single metric name and writes its
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// bare JSON value.
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func serveRuntimeMetricValue(w http.ResponseWriter, name string) {
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if !runtimeMetricExists(name) {
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http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("unknown runtime metric %q", name), http.StatusNotFound)
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return
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}
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samples := []metrics.Sample{{Name: name}}
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metrics.Read(samples)
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writeJSON(w, runtimeMetricValueJSON(samples[0].Value))
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}
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func runtimeMetricExists(name string) bool {
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return slices.ContainsFunc(runtimeMetricsDescs(), func(d metrics.Description) bool { return d.Name == name })
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}
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func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v any) {
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w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
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e := json.NewEncoder(w)
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e.SetIndent("", "\t")
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e.Encode(v)
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}
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// runtimeMetricValueJSON converts v to a value that encoding/json can
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// encode. Infinite and NaN floats, which JSON cannot represent, become
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// strings.
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func runtimeMetricValueJSON(v metrics.Value) any {
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switch v.Kind() {
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case metrics.KindUint64:
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return v.Uint64()
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case metrics.KindFloat64:
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return jsonFloat(v.Float64())
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case metrics.KindFloat64Histogram:
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h := v.Float64Histogram()
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buckets := make([]any, len(h.Buckets))
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for i, b := range h.Buckets {
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buckets[i] = jsonFloat(b)
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}
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return map[string]any{
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"counts": h.Counts,
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"buckets": buckets,
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}
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default:
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return nil
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}
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}
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func jsonFloat(f float64) any {
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if math.IsInf(f, 0) || math.IsNaN(f) {
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return strconv.FormatFloat(f, 'g', -1, 64)
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}
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return f
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}
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func runtimeMetricKind(k metrics.ValueKind) string {
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switch k {
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case metrics.KindUint64:
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return "uint64"
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case metrics.KindFloat64:
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return "float64"
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case metrics.KindFloat64Histogram:
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return "histogram"
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default:
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return fmt.Sprintf("kind(%d)", k)
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}
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}
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func writeRuntimeMetricsIndexText(w io.Writer) {
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "# Go runtime/metrics.\n")
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "# Fetch one bare JSON value with %s/NAME, e.g. %s/gc/heap/allocs:bytes.\n", runtimeMetricsPath, runtimeMetricsPath)
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "# Fetch a JSON object of values with %s?name=NAME (repeatable).\n", runtimeMetricsPath)
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "# A trailing * on a name matches by prefix; name=* returns all values.\n\n")
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for _, d := range runtimeMetricsDescs() {
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", d.Name)
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for line := range strings.Lines(d.Description) {
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fmt.Fprintf(w, " # %s\n", strings.TrimRight(line, "\n"))
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}
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fmt.Fprintf(w, " # %s", runtimeMetricKind(d.Kind))
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if d.Cumulative {
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fmt.Fprintf(w, ", cumulative")
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}
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n\n")
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}
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}
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func writeRuntimeMetricsIndexHTML(w io.Writer) {
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// valueURL returns the URL serving name's value. Exact metric names
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// are appended to the path and yield a bare JSON value. Wildcards
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// use the name query parameter and yield a JSON object.
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valueURL := func(name string) string {
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if strings.HasSuffix(name, "*") {
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return runtimeMetricsPath + "?name=" + url.QueryEscape(name)
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}
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return runtimeMetricsPath + name
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}
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fmt.Fprintf(w, `<html><head><title>runtime/metrics</title>
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<style>
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body { font-family: monospace; }
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table { border-collapse: collapse; }
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td, th { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px 6px; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; }
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.desc { color: #555; }
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tr.wild td { background: #eee; }
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</style></head><body>
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<h1>Go runtime/metrics</h1>
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<p>See <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/metrics">runtime/metrics</a>.
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Click a name to read its bare value as JSON. Values are not read for this index.
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Append <code>?format=text</code> for a plain text index.
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Fetch a JSON object of several values with repeated <code>?name=</code> parameters; a trailing
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<code>*</code> matches by prefix (<a href="%s">all values</a>, <a href="%s">GC values</a>).</p>
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<table>
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<tr><th>Name</th><th>Kind</th><th>Description</th></tr>
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`, valueURL("*"), valueURL("/gc/*"))
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var lastDir string
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for _, d := range runtimeMetricsDescs() {
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// Before each run of metrics sharing a directory, emit a row
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// linking each ancestor directory to its wildcard query, so
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// "/gc/heap/allocs:bytes" is preceded by links to "/gc/*" and
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// "/gc/heap/*".
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if dir := d.Name[:strings.LastIndex(d.Name, "/")+1]; dir != lastDir {
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lastDir = dir
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io.WriteString(w, `<tr class="wild"><td colspan="3">`)
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for i := 1; i < len(dir); i++ {
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if dir[i] != '/' {
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continue
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}
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pat := dir[:i+1] + "*"
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fmt.Fprintf(w, ` <a href="%s">%s</a>`, valueURL(pat), html.EscapeString(pat))
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}
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io.WriteString(w, "</td></tr>\n")
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}
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kind := runtimeMetricKind(d.Kind)
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if d.Cumulative {
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kind += ", cumulative"
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}
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fmt.Fprintf(w, `<tr><td><a href="%s">%s</a></td><td>%s</td><td class="desc">%s</td></tr>`+"\n",
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valueURL(d.Name), html.EscapeString(d.Name), kind, html.EscapeString(d.Description))
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}
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io.WriteString(w, "</table></body></html>\n")
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}
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